Echokardiografia (Ľavá komora)

LVIDs

Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole

Rozmer ľavej komory v end-systole.
PLAX (Parasternálna projekcia - dlhá os).
End-systola (EKG: koniec T vlny).
Meria sa kolmo na dlhú os ľavej komory, tesne pod cípmi mitrálnej chlopne.

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

Guidelines for performing a comprehensive TTE examination in adults: Recommendations from the ASE (2018)

Left ventricle (Size)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LVIDd (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	4,2 - 5,8	5,9 - 6,3	6,4 - 6,8	>6,8	3,8 - 5,2	5,3 - 5,6	5,7 - 6,1	>6,1
LVIDd (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	2,2 - 3,0	3,1 - 3,3	3,4 - 3,6	>3,6	2,3 - 3,1	3,2 - 3,4	3,5 - 3,7	>3,7
LVIDs (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	2,5 - 4,0	4,1 - 4,3	4,4 - 4,5	>4,5	2,2 - 3,5	3,6 - 3,8	3,9 - 4,1	>4,1
LVIDs (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,5	>2,5	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,6	>2,6
IVSd (cm) Interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
PWd (cm) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
RWT Relative wall thickness	0,24 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,46	0,47 - 0,51	>0,52	0,22 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,47	0,48 - 0,52	>0,53

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

LVIDd

Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole

Rozmer ľavej komory v end-diastole.
PLAX (Parasternálna projekcia - dlhá os).
End-diastola (EKG: R kmit).
Meria sa kolmo na dlhú os ľavej komory, tesne pod cípmi mitrálnej chlopne.

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

Guidelines for performing a comprehensive TTE examination in adults: Recommendations from the ASE (2018)

Left ventricle (Size)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LVIDd (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	4,2 - 5,8	5,9 - 6,3	6,4 - 6,8	>6,8	3,8 - 5,2	5,3 - 5,6	5,7 - 6,1	>6,1
LVIDd (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	2,2 - 3,0	3,1 - 3,3	3,4 - 3,6	>3,6	2,3 - 3,1	3,2 - 3,4	3,5 - 3,7	>3,7
LVIDs (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	2,5 - 4,0	4,1 - 4,3	4,4 - 4,5	>4,5	2,2 - 3,5	3,6 - 3,8	3,9 - 4,1	>4,1
LVIDs (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,5	>2,5	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,6	>2,6
IVSd (cm) Interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
PWd (cm) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
RWT Relative wall thickness	0,24 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,46	0,47 - 0,51	>0,52	0,22 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,47	0,48 - 0,52	>0,53

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

IVSd

Interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole

Hrúbka komorového septa v end-diastole.
PLAX (Parasternálna projekcia - dlhá os).
End-diastola (EKG: R kmit).
Meria sa kolmo cez stenu septa približne od krajného bodu kde sme merali LVIDd.

V end-systole sa septum nemeria.

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

Guidelines for performing a comprehensive TTE examination in adults: Recommendations from the ASE (2018)

Left ventricle (Size)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LVIDd (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	4,2 - 5,8	5,9 - 6,3	6,4 - 6,8	>6,8	3,8 - 5,2	5,3 - 5,6	5,7 - 6,1	>6,1
LVIDd (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	2,2 - 3,0	3,1 - 3,3	3,4 - 3,6	>3,6	2,3 - 3,1	3,2 - 3,4	3,5 - 3,7	>3,7
LVIDs (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	2,5 - 4,0	4,1 - 4,3	4,4 - 4,5	>4,5	2,2 - 3,5	3,6 - 3,8	3,9 - 4,1	>4,1
LVIDs (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,5	>2,5	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,6	>2,6
IVSd (cm) Interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
PWd (cm) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
RWT Relative wall thickness	0,24 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,46	0,47 - 0,51	>0,52	0,22 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,47	0,48 - 0,52	>0,53

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

PWd (Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end -diastole)

PWd

Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole

Hrúbka zadnej steny ľavej komory v end-diastole.
PLAX (Parasternálna projekcia - dlhá os).
End-diastola (EKG: R kmit).
Meria sa kolmo cez stenu komory približne od krajného bodu kde sme merali LVIDd.

V end-systole sa zadná stena nemeria.

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

Guidelines for performing a comprehensive TTE examination in adults: Recommendations from the ASE (2018)

Left ventricle (Size)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LVIDd (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	4,2 - 5,8	5,9 - 6,3	6,4 - 6,8	>6,8	3,8 - 5,2	5,3 - 5,6	5,7 - 6,1	>6,1
LVIDd (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	2,2 - 3,0	3,1 - 3,3	3,4 - 3,6	>3,6	2,3 - 3,1	3,2 - 3,4	3,5 - 3,7	>3,7
LVIDs (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	2,5 - 4,0	4,1 - 4,3	4,4 - 4,5	>4,5	2,2 - 3,5	3,6 - 3,8	3,9 - 4,1	>4,1
LVIDs (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,5	>2,5	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,6	>2,6
IVSd (cm) Interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
PWd (cm) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
RWT Relative wall thickness	0,24 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,46	0,47 - 0,51	>0,52	0,22 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,47	0,48 - 0,52	>0,53

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

RWT = (2 x PWd) / LVIDd

Relative wall thickness

Relatívna hrúbka steny ľavej komory.

Vzťah medzi hrúbkou steny a veľkosťou ľavej komory.

PLAX (Parasternálna projekcia - dlhá os).
Slúži na bližšiu klasifikáciu masy ľavej komory (koncentrická, excentrická hypertrofia).

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

Guidelines for performing a comprehensive TTE examination in adults: Recommendations from the ASE (2018)

Left ventricle (Size)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LVIDd (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	4,2 - 5,8	5,9 - 6,3	6,4 - 6,8	>6,8	3,8 - 5,2	5,3 - 5,6	5,7 - 6,1	>6,1
LVIDd (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole	2,2 - 3,0	3,1 - 3,3	3,4 - 3,6	>3,6	2,3 - 3,1	3,2 - 3,4	3,5 - 3,7	>3,7
LVIDs (cm) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	2,5 - 4,0	4,1 - 4,3	4,4 - 4,5	>4,5	2,2 - 3,5	3,6 - 3,8	3,9 - 4,1	>4,1
LVIDs (cm/m2) Left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,5	>2,5	1,3 - 2,1	2,2 - 2,3	2,4 - 2,6	>2,6
IVSd (cm) Interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
PWd (cm) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole	0,6 - 1,0	1,1 - 1,3	1,4 - 1,6	>1,6	0,6 - 0,9	1,0 - 1,2	1,3 - 1,5	>1,5
RWT Relative wall thickness	0,24 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,46	0,47 - 0,51	>0,52	0,22 - 0,42	0,43 - 0,47	0,48 - 0,52	>0,53

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

LVEDV (Left ventricular end-diastole volume)

Left ventricle geometry (LVIDd, IVSd, PWd)

Geometria ľavej komory

Left ventricular geometry

Geometria ľavej komory sa klasifikuje podľa parametrov: LVEDV, LV mass, RWT
Každé echokardiografické vyšetrenie by malo zaklasifikovať geomentriu ľavej komory do jednej kategórie:

Normálna ľavá komora, koncentrická hypertrofia, excentrická hyperterofia, alebo koncentrická remodelácia.

Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the ASE and EACVI (2015)

Recommendations on the use of echocardiography in adult hypertension: a report from the EACVI and the ASE (2015)

Left ventricle (Geometry)
	LV mass(g/m²) Left ventricular mass		RWT Relative wall thickness
Normal left ventricle	≤115 (Male)	≤95 (Female)	<0,42
Concentric hypertrophy	>115 (Male)	>95 (Female)	>0,42
Eccentric hypertrophy	>115 (Male)	>95 (Female)	<0,42
Concentric remodeling	≤115 (Male)	≤95 (Female)	>0,42

Description of LV geometry, using at the minimum the four categories of normal geometry, concentric remodelling, and concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, should be a standard component of the echocardiography report.

Recommendations on the use of echocardiography in adult hypertension: a report from the EACVI and the ASE (2015)

Left ventricle (Geometry)
	LVEDV(ml/m²) Left ventricular end- diastole volume (Biplane)	LV mass(g/m²) Left ventricular mass		RWT Relative wall thickness
Normal left ventricle	≤75	≤115 (Male)	≤95 (Female)	0,32-0,42
Physiological hypertrophy	>75	>115 (Male)	>95 (Female)	0,32-0,42
Concentric remodeling	≤75	≤115 (Male)	≤95 (Female)	>0,42
Eccentric remodelling	>75	≤115 (Male)	≤95 (Female)	<0,32
Concentric hypertrophy	≤75	>115 (Male)	>95 (Female)	>0,42
Mixed hypertrophy	>75	>115 (Male)	>95 (Female)	>0,42
Dilated hypertrophy	>75	>115 (Male)	>95 (Female)	0,32-0,42
Eccentric hypertrophy	>75	>115 (Male)	>95 (Female)	<0,32

Recommendations on the use of echocardiography in adult hypertension: a report from the EACVI and the ASE (2015)

Echocardiography: LV geometry classified according to LV mass, LV volume, and RWT

The red horizontal line separates LV hypertrophy from normal LV mass.
The black vertical line separates dilated from nondilated ventricles.
The two oblique blue lines delimit the upper (0.42) and lower (0.32) limit of normal RWT.
This leads to eight categories of ventricles.
The green ellipse indicates the area of normal ventricles including physiological LV enlargement.

Recommendations on the use of echocardiography in adult hypertension: a report from the EACVI and the ASE (2015)

Left ventricle (Mass)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LV mass (g) Left ventricular mass	88 - 224	225 - 258	259 - 292	>292	67 - 162	163 - 186	187 - 210	>210
LV mass (g/m2) Left ventricular mass	49 - 115	116 - 131	132 - 148	>148	43 - 95	96 - 108	109 - 121	>121

Left ventricle (Volume)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LVEDV (ml) Left ventricular end-diastole volume (Biplane)	62 - 150	151 - 174	175 - 200	>200	46 - 106	107 - 120	121 - 130	>130
LVEDV (ml/m2) Left ventricular end-diastole volume (Biplane)	34 - 74	75 - 89	90 - 100	>100	29 - 61	62 - 70	71 - 80	>80
LVESV (ml) Left ventricular end-systole volume (Biplane)	21 - 61	62 - 73	74 - 85	>85	14 - 42	43 - 55	56 - 67	>67
LVESV (ml/m2) Left ventricular end-systole volume (Biplane)	11 - 31	32 - 38	39 - 45	>45	8 - 24	25 - 32	33 - 40	>40

Left ventricle (Volume)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LVEDV (ml) Left ventricular end-diastole volume (Biplane)	62 - 150	151 - 174	175 - 200	>200	46 - 106	107 - 120	121 - 130	>130
LVEDV (ml/m2) Left ventricular end-diastole volume (Biplane)	34 - 74	75 - 89	90 - 100	>100	29 - 61	62 - 70	71 - 80	>80
LVESV (ml) Left ventricular end-systole volume (Biplane)	21 - 61	62 - 73	74 - 85	>85	14 - 42	43 - 55	56 - 67	>67
LVESV (ml/m2) Left ventricular end-systole volume (Biplane)	11 - 31	32 - 38	39 - 45	>45	8 - 24	25 - 32	33 - 40	>40

Echokardiografia

Ľavá komora

LVIDs

LVIDd

IVSd

PWd

RWT

LV mass

LVEDV

LVESV

LV EF

Geometria ľavej komory

LVIDs

LVIDd

IVSd

PWd

RWT = (2 x PWd) / LVIDd

LV mass = 0.8 x 1.04 x [(IVSd + LVIDd + PWd)³ – LVIDd³] + 0.6g

LVEDV

LVESV

LV EF = (LVEDV - LVESV) / LVEDV x 100

Geometria ľavej komory

Left ventricle (Ejection fraction)
	Male				Female
	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal	Normal range	Mildly abnormal	Moderately abnormal	Severely abnormal
LV EF (%) Left ventricular ejection fraction (Biplane)	52 - 72	41 - 51	30 - 40	<30	54 - 74	41 - 53	30 - 40	<30

Echokardiografia

Ľavá komora

LVIDs

LVIDd

IVSd

PWd

RWT

LV mass

LVEDV

LVESV

LV EF

Geometria ľavej komory

LVIDs

LVIDd

IVSd

PWd

RWT = (2 x PWd) / LVIDd

LV mass = 0.8 x 1.04 x [(IVSd + LVIDd + PWd)3 – LVIDd3] + 0.6g

LVEDV

LVESV

LV EF = (LVEDV - LVESV) / LVEDV x 100

Geometria ľavej komory

LV mass = 0.8 x 1.04 x [(IVSd + LVIDd + PWd)³ – LVIDd³] + 0.6g